El análisis del Sector Forestal
Chileno, comienza con un resumen de su evolución desde comienzos del siglo
pasado hasta la actualidad. Continúa definiendo y explicitando la base de
recursos naturales renovables que lo sostiene, desde el punto de vista de su
composición, su distribución, la sensibilidad hacia cierta normativa legal de
incentivos, su tasa de forestación y su disponibilidad futura. Luego, se
realiza un análisis a su estructura industrial, haciendo hincapié en la
Industria Primaria de acuerdo a la definición ya expuesta. Este análisis
comienza con la clasificación Industrial forestal de acuerdo al modelo de Clasificación de Actividades
Económicas Forestales (CAEF) del Instituto Forestal y continúa con la forma de
abastecer de insumos forestales a la industria, para a continuación realizar un
análisis en términos de producción, tecnología utilizada, capacidad instalada,
estructura de costos, entre otros aspectos, de las industrias componentes de la
Producción Forestal Primaria, que es el sistema que se va a modelar.
Finalmente, en la última parte
de este trabajo de titulación, se construye y se aplica el modelo proyectando
las variables de interés del sector para el año 2001.
Para la construcción del modelo,
primero se efectuaron las etapas de especificación, estimación y validación
para cada una de las doce ecuaciones endógenas componentes del sistema. Estas
doce ecuaciones una vez validadas y agrupadas en cuatro bloques representantes
de cada una de las industrias componentes del sistema, se fusionan en una sola
estructura denominada Modelo General de la Producción Forestal Primaria (PFP).
La aplicación del modelo se
realiza proyectando las variables de salida del sistema PFP para el año 2001 bajo dos escenarios distintos, y
luego comparando los resultados con la evolución histórica de las variaciones
observadas del modelo.
The main objective of this
graduation work, consisted on building a multi-equations econometric model of
the Primary Forest Sector, in particular, of the Primary Forest Production. For
it, it was necessary in first instance to be able to define that
understood for Primary Forest Industry.
The used approach, it was their definition in the sense that was compound for
those industries that used as input the matter it prevails coming from the
forests, that is to say, the wooden parts product of the extraction forestry or
forest exploitation[5].
According to this approach, the component industries of this primary forest
subsector would be the industry of the cellulose, that of the saw, that of
boards and foils, that of chips and others[6]
that are not considered in the analysis to estimate their contribution as
residual inside the total (approximately 2%).
The development of models, in
general it is carried out by people's multidisciplinary groups, in which there
are experts of the techniques of modeling and simulation and people experts of
the system that it will model and later on to simulate. When this it is not the
case, and a group of people experts exists of so alone one of the topics, to be
able to build the model, they should deepen in the other one, or when the
system is modeled for alone a person, this person should necessarily manage
both topics with a minimum level that allows him to develop the work
satisfactorily, having the solidity of the model and of her predictions direct
relationship with the level of depth that is managed of the topics. It is for
it that in the first part of this graduation work, a brief review is presented
of what is econometrics modeling, in the second part is carries out an analysis of the Forest Sector and in particular
of its Primary Industry, for finally, to develop and to apply the model.
The chapter related with the modeling
and simulation of economic systems, begin with an introduction, definition and
a brief historical review of the econometrics, it stops then to classify the
econometrics models according to different approaches, to define their
composition and to expose a methodology of modeling that begins with the
specification, estimate and validation of the models of economic systems and
that it finishes with the application of the built model through the simulation
or projection of the objective variables of the system.
The analysis of the Chilean
Forest Sector, begins with a summary of its evolution from beginnings of last
century until the present time. It continues defining and explaining the base
of renewable natural resources that sustains it, from the point of view of
their composition, their distribution, the sensibility toward certain normative
one legal of incentives, their rate of afforestation and their future
readiness. Then, is carried out an analysis to their industrial structure,
making stress in the Primary Industry according to the definition already
exposed. This analysis begins with the forest Industrial classification
according to the pattern of Classification of Forest Economic Activities (CAEF)
of the Forest Institute and it continues with the form of supplying from forest
inputs to the industry, in order to next to carry out an analysis in production
terms, used technology, installed capacity, structure of costs, among other
aspects, of the component industries of the Primary Forest Production that it
is the system that will model.
Finally, in the last part of
this graduation work, it is built and the model is applied projecting the
variables of interest of the sector for the year 2001.
For the construction of the
model, first the specification stages, estimate and validation were made for
each one of the twelve equations endogenous components of the system. These
twelve equations once validated and contained in four blocks representatives of
each one of the component industries of the system, they fuse in a single
structure denominated General Model of the Primary Forest Production
(PFP).
The application of the pattern
is carried out projecting the variables of exit of the system PFP for the year
2001 first floor two different scenarios, and then comparing the results with
the historical evolution of the observed variations of the model.
[1] Disponible en
http://www.civ.cl/academico/aedil/proyectos/proyectos_titulo/proyecto_titulo.htm
[2] Vease anexo 4
[3] Entre las que se cuentan la de
envases y embalajes y la de polines.
[4] Available in http://www.civ.cl/academico/aedil/proyectos/proyectos_titulo/proyecto_titulo.htm
[5] See you annex 4
[6] Among those that that of containers and packings and that of polines are counted.